The challenges posed by the release of a codex unicus: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo's Relación de lo suscedido en la prisión del Rey de Francia

[Resumen] En principio, este artículo pretende dar cuenta de nuestro trabajo relacionado con la edición edición crítica de un texto aún sin publicar con criterios filológicos. Nos referimos a la obra del cronista Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo titulada Relación de lo suscedido en la prisión del Rey de Francia. A partir de la descripción de nuestra labor, intentamos reflexionar acerca de las dificultades a las que se enfrenta el editor de un codex unicus. Asimismo, exponemos una serie de estrategias editoriales a nuestro alcance a partir de distintos lugares críticos del texto de Oviedo[Abstract] At first, this article seeks to explain our work related to the critical edition of an unpublished text with philological criteria. We refer to the work of the chronicler Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo entitled Relación de lo suscedido en la prisión del Rey de Francia. From the description of our work, we try to reflect on the difficulties that the editor of a codex unicus faces. Also, we present a series of editorial strategies at our disposal from various critical points in the text of Ovied

Gestión forestal sostenible en plantaciones de chopo: criterios de sanidad y biodiversidad

La implementación de la Gestión Forestal Sostenible se consigue a través de criterios e indicadores, y aunque diferentes conjuntos han sido desarrollados según el país, todos ellos están de acuerdo en que los criterios de sanidad forestal y biodiversidad deben ser piezas claves. El objetivo de esta tesis fue mejorar los actuales indicadores y buscar otros nuevos dentro de los criterios de sanidad forestal y biodiversidad. Para este propósito, se muestrearon una amplia variedad de plantaciones de chopo junto con los bosques de ribera existentes en el área de estudio. Los resultados sugieren que tanto factores abióticos como bióticos condicionan la sanidad forestal en las plantaciones de chopos y por lo tanto podrían ser usados como indicadores. Por otro lado, los estudios llevados a cabo en tres grupos taxonómicos diferentes, incluyendo hongos, aves y plantas vasculares, apuntaron notables diferencias en la biodiversidad entre plantaciones de chopo y bosques de riberaDepartamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestale

Electricity system planning with a high penetration of renewable energies

Due to society’s increasingly concern about environmental sustainability, many agreements have been signed in the European Union in the past few years to establish medium- and long-term energy frameworks that point out the main energy transition politics that will be taken by all members. Inspired on these politics, this study tries to find which would be the most efficient thermal power generation park needed to ensure the correct and safe operation of the Spanish Peninsula electricity system in a situation where, by 2030, 80 % of total energy production came from renewable energy sources. To perform this study, demand and generation values of two different years are scaled to 2030. Three scenarios are considered regarding the conventional technologies that constitute the thermal power generation park: nuclear, coal and combined cycle as conventional technologies; coal and combined cycle as conventional technologies; and only combined cycle as conventional technology. In each scenario, an optimization process performed with linprog Matlab function is carried out to find which is the most economically optimum distribution of installed capacities and energy generations shares. Results show that, if 80 % of energy generation comes from renewable energy sources by 2030, total installed capacity of the system will increase significantly due to low capacity factors of renewable technologies, causing a considerably large energy spillage because of the unprogrammable nature of these technologies. In a scenario where nuclear, coal and combined cycle technologies constitute the thermal generation park, it is proven that nuclear technology operating as baseload units and combined cycle technology as peaking units is the economically optimum situation. Because of the huge variations of nuclear technology costs that are found depending on the source checked, its investment cost considered for the study is increased until this technology becomes economically suboptimal to operate. The investment cost that makes it happen is found to be within the range of investment costs of nuclear technologies provided in several sources. In a scenario where combined cycle is the only conventional technology constituting the thermal generation mix is possible to obtain an hourly price of electricity, so the remuneration perceived by generators can be compared with total costs of the system. This comparison shows that that costs of the system double the remuneration perceived by all generators, which leads to considerably high payments by capacity mechanismsIngeniería de la Energí

Potential control of forest diseases by solutions of chitosan oligomers, propolis and nanosilver

Producción CientíficaThere is a growing necessity to replace chemical agents with ecofriendly materials, arising from the impact on the environment and/or human health, which calls for the design of new broad-spectrum fungicides. In this work, chitosan oligomers (COs), propolis (Ps) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mixtures in solution were assessed to control the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in vitro. Binary solutions of COs-Ps and COs-AgNPs evinced the highest antifungal effect against Fusarium circinatum and Diplodia pinea fungi, respectively, with a ca. 80% reduction in their mycelial growth. The COs solution by itself also proved to be greatly effective against Gremmeniella abietina, Cryphonectria parasitica and Heterobasidion annosum fungi, causing a reduction of 78%, 86% and 93% in their growth rate, respectively. Likewise, COs also attained a 100% growth inhibition on the oomycete Phytophthora cambivora. On the other hand, Ps inhibited totally the growth of Phytophthora ×alni and Phytophthora plurivora. The application of AgNPs reduced the mycelial growth of F. circinatum and D. pinea. However, the AgNPs in some binary and ternary mixtures had a counter-productive effect on the anti-fungal/oomycete activity. In spite of the fact that the anti-fungal/oomycete activity of the different treatments showed a dependence on the particular type of microorganism, these solutions based on natural compounds can be deemed as a promising tool for control of tree diseases.European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Action FP1406 PINESTRENGTH)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-69370-R

Análisis del efecto de las poliaminas 1,3-diaminopropano y espermidina sobre el proteoma intracelular del hongo productor de penicilina Penicillium chrysogenum

Comunicaciones a congreso

Method to guide the design of project based learning activities based on educational theories

Project Based Learning (PjBL) has shown to be effective in engineering to acquire both professional and lifelong learning skills. Nevertheless, some authors assert it is not an easy instructional method to implement. It requires teaching skills and entails some difficulties for both students and teachers, specially related to the time and effort needed to put it into practice. In some countries, the implementation of PjBL has a limited scope, restricted to single courses that do not have a great repercussion in the curriculum. Moreover, some teachers tend to implement PjBL intuitively, based on their teaching experience instead of following important PjBL principies or instructional practices. To facilítate the proliferation and better establishment of PjBL in these countries, it is necessary to engage more teachers in best practices of this methodology, applying its main instructional principies and adequate educational theories. In this way, they could overeóme the difficulties mentioned above and obtain better results in their experiences. This study is aimed at defining a method to design activities based on PjBL. This method guides teachers in the use of PjBL principies and several instructional design models. In particular, the method deals with the definition and articulation of an appropriate problem. In addition, it faces three fundamental issues in active learning and especially in PjBL: Students' Motivation, Supporting Students' Work and Autonomous Working. This proposal is specially focused on those academic contexts in which instructors are starting to use this methodology and students are not used to dealing with ill-structured projeets, and consequently they could find important difficulties in its implementation. The method has been put into practice in three courses, where first results seem to be satisfactory according to a survey conducted by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Results spanning the last six years of this survey have been analyzed. Currently, it is being used to implement a multidisciplinary project which covers four courses in a Master's degree. Finally, a collaborative online tool and teacher workshop further supports this method

Measuring the influence of Cooperative Learning and Project Based Learning on problem solvin skill.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects obtained after applying two active learning methodologies (cooperative learning and project based learning) to the achievement of the competence problem solving. This study was carried out at the Technical University of Madrid, where these methodologies were applied to two Operating Systems courses. The first hypothesis tested was whether the implementation of active learning methodologies favours the achievement of ?problem solving?. The second hypothesis was focused on testing if students with higher rates in problem solving competence obtain better results in their academic performance. The results indicated that active learning methodologies do not produce any significant change in the generic competence ?problem solving? during the period analysed. Concerning this, we consider that students should work with these methodologies for a longer period, besides having a specific training. Nevertheless, a close correlation between problem solving self appraisal and academic performance has been detected

Integration of three instructional design models within the organization of PBL activities

This work is aimed at defining a method to design courses based on Project Based Learning methodology. This proposal is specially focused on those academic contexts in which instructors are starting to use this methodology and students are not used to dealing with illstructured projects, and consequently they could find important difficulties in its implementation. To reach this goal, this method is based on several instructional design models, learning theories and PBL principles. In particular, the method faces three fundamental issues in active learning and especially in PBL: Students’ Motivation, Supporting Students’ Work and Autonomous Working. Engaging instructors to follow these models when they are designing the course facilitates the subsequent success during the course implementation. The method has been put into practice in three courses, where first results seem to be satisfactory according to a survey conducted by the University. Results of this survey over for the last six years have been analysed. Besides the description of the method, we present a collaborative online tool that supports i